VLADIMIR HAMED-TROYANSKY, EMPIRE OF REFUGEES: NORTH CAUCASIAN MUSLIMS AND THE LATE OTTOMAN STATE

Vladimir Hamed-Troyansky’s book, Empire of Refugees: North Caucasian Muslims and the Late Ottoman State, is a history of North Caucasian (largely, but not exclusively, Circassian) migration between the Russian and Ottoman empires in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. More specifically, it looks at how the expulsion of Muslim North Caucasians from their homeland and their subsequent resettlement in the Ottoman lands shaped the policies of both the Ottoman and Russian empires, as well as serving as a precedent for later refugee and citizenship regimes and subsequent expulsions and population transfers across the old world.